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Microorganism inclusion castsBacteria
YeastSchumann, using the PAP staining procedure, has demonstrated the importance of the identification of the yeast casts. These casts are usually found in specimens of immunosuppressed patient. Yeast casts are also a very important finding in the diabetic patients. With immunosuppressed patients the route of introduction is usually the blood. Reflux with a yeast infected urine is also a possible route of entry, specially with the diabetic patient. The "Candida" casts are described, by Schumann, as casts with a rather waxy matrix with yeast inclusions. As for bacteria casts, cell inclusions, specially white blood cells, are expected. Crystal castsCrystal casts are defined as a hyaline matrix casts with inclusions of crystals. The presence of these casts indicates an intratubular crystallization. This crystallization can provoke renal damages. These damages can be created by an inflammation process or by obstruction. The sediment with crystal casts will usualy show other figures like renal tubular cells and other casts. Bilirubine castsCases of bilirubine crystals embedded in a hyaline matrix have been reported in some cases of high bilirubinuria. Other castsThis section is dedicated to special rare casts. Fibrin thread castsThese casts are hyaline casts embedding, within their matrix, fibrin threads. These threads originate from the passage in the urinary space, of the coagulation proteins (fibrinogen and others). Once in urine, the fibrinogen coagulates and forms fibrin threads. These casts are strongly indicative of glomerulonephritis. Myeloma casts
Unknown casts
A description of a similar cast called "Bubble cast" by N. IMAI is given on his site at http://square.umin.ac.jp/uri_sedi/EBUBBLECAST2.html
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